Mexico Formation & Foreign-Investment File (S. de R.L. de C.V.)

3. DRAFT — Estatutos Sociales / Operating Provisions [TEMPLATE]

Draft for discussion. Clause numbering and thresholds to be confirmed by Mexican counsel and tailored by the fedatario público to the executed deed. Bracketed items are variables.

Cláusula Primera — Denominación. The company is named [Marea Digital México], followed in all cases by the words "Sociedad de Responsabilidad Limitada de Capital Variable" or the abbreviation "S. de R.L. de C.V.", per the authorisation issued by the Secretaría de Economía under number [NUA].

Cláusula Segunda — Objeto Social. The corporate purpose (objeto social) includes, without limitation: the development, licensing, commercialisation, integration, support and resale of business-to-business software-as-a-service and related data-platform services; the provision of technical, professional, administrative and marketing services to affiliates and third parties; the acquisition, licensing and exploitation of intellectual-property rights, including under intercompany licence from the group parent; and any lawful act related to the foregoing. [Confirm the described activities are unrestricted under the LIE — see Exhibit A.]

Cláusula Tercera — Domicilio. The corporate domicile is Mexico City, without prejudice to establishing branches, agencies or offices elsewhere and to agreeing conventional domiciles for specific acts.

Cláusula Cuarta — Duración. The company's duration is indefinite (duración indefinida).

Cláusula Quinta — Cláusula de Admisión de Extranjeros (Cláusula Calvo). The company admits foreign investors. In accordance with the Ley de Inversión Extranjera and the Reglamento of the Registro Nacional de Inversiones Extranjeras, foreign socios expressly agree before the Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores to be considered as nationals with respect to the partes sociales they acquire or hold, the assets, rights, concessions, participations or interests owned by the company, and the rights and obligations derived from agreements to which the company is a party, and not to invoke the protection of their governments in respect thereof, under penalty, in case of breach, of forfeiting such interests to the benefit of the Nation. [Admission clause; alternative "exclusion" clauses are not used where foreign ownership is intended. Foreign-Relations permit / notice requirements to be confirmed by counsel.]

Cláusula Sexta — Capital Social (Capital Variable). The company is of variable capital. The fixed minimum capital (capital fijo mínimo sin derecho a retiro) is $[amount] MXN, and the variable portion is unlimited. The capital is represented by partes sociales, which are indivisible and may be of unequal value; each socio holds a single quota, the nominal value of which increases or decreases with contributions or reductions. Increases and reductions of the variable portion do not require a formal amendment of the bylaws but must be recorded in the libro de registro de socios and, where applicable, notified for RNIE purposes.

Cláusula Séptima — Socios y Transmisión de Partes Sociales. The number of socios shall not exceed fifty (50). Transfer of partes sociales and admission of new socios require the consent of the socios representing the majority of the capital, unless a higher majority is agreed; the remaining socios have a right of first refusal (derecho del tanto) on the terms of the LGSM. Every transfer must be entered in the libro de registro de socios to be effective vis-à-vis the company and third parties.

Cláusula Octava — Asamblea de Socios. The asamblea de socios is the supreme body. It resolves on approval of financial statements, application of results, appointment and removal of managers, amendments to the bylaws, capital changes to the fixed portion, and the other matters reserved by the LGSM. Ordinary and extraordinary quorums and majorities are those set out in the LGSM unless raised herein. Resolutions may be adopted unanimously in writing without a meeting where the bylaws so permit and all socios express their vote.

Cláusula Novena — Administración / Gerencia. Management is entrusted to a Gerente Único or to a Consejo de Gerentes, as the asamblea determines. Managers need not be socios. The gerencia has the broadest powers for the administration and representation of the company, including powers for actos de administración and pleitos y cobranzas, and, where expressly granted, actos de dominio, subject to the limitations reserved to the asamblea. Managers may grant and revoke powers of attorney within the scope of their authority.

Cláusula Décima — Comisario / Vigilancia. Being an S. de R.L., no comisario is required; the socios may, if they wish, appoint an órgano de vigilancia or an interventor.

Cláusula Décima Primera — Ejercicio Social, Estados Financieros y Reservas. The fiscal year runs from 1 January to 31 December. Annual financial statements shall be prepared and submitted to the asamblea. A legal reserve (reserva legal) shall be constituted by separating the percentage of net profits required by the LGSM until it reaches the statutory fraction of the capital. [Confirm percentages with counsel; tax treatment flagged for the tax adviser.]

Cláusula Décima Segunda — Disolución y Liquidación. The company dissolves in the cases foreseen by the LGSM; liquidation is carried out by one or more liquidadores appointed by the asamblea, who realise assets, pay liabilities and distribute the remainder among the socios in proportion to their partes sociales.

4. DRAFT — Unanimous Organizational Consent of the Quota-Holders [TEMPLATE]

Draft written resolution of the founding socios, adopted unanimously in lieu of a constitutive meeting; to be reflected in the constitutive public deed.

The undersigned, being all of the founding socios of [Marea Digital México], S. de R.L. de C.V. (in formation) — Marea Digital, Inc. (Delaware) and Marea Digital, S.L. (Madrid) — unanimously RESOLVE:

1. Constitution. To constitute the company as a Sociedad de Responsabilidad Limitada de Capital Variable under the LGSM, adopting the estatutos sociales in Section 3 above.
2. Denomination. To adopt the denomination authorised by the Secretaría de Economía under authorisation number [NUA].
3. Capital and subscription. To fix the fixed minimum capital at $[amount] MXN and to subscribe and pay the partes sociales as follows: Marea Digital, Inc. — quota of $[amount] ([xx]%); Marea Digital, S.L. — quota of $[amount] ([xx]%). [Confirm payment/contribution evidence for the deed and RNIE.]
4. Foreign-investment admission. To adopt the Cláusula de Admisión de Extranjeros (Calvo clause) in Clause Fifth and to authorise the corresponding filings before the Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores and the RNIE.
5. Management. To appoint the gerencia in the form set out in Section 5 below.
6. Powers of attorney. To grant the powers of attorney set out in Section 6 below.
7. Formation authority. To authorise the appearing persons and delegates to appear before a notario or corredor público to formalise this constitution and to carry out the registrations before the Registro Público de Comercio, the SAT (RFC and e.firma), the RNIE, the IMSS/INFONAVIT and any other authority.

5. DRAFT — Manager Appointment (Gerencia) [TEMPLATE]

Choose one structure. Include acceptance and, if applicable, bond/guarantee waiver.

Option A — Gerente Único. The socios appoint [Name] as Gerente Único, with the powers set out in Clause Ninth of the estatutos, to hold office [indefinitely / for [term]] until removed or replaced by the asamblea.

Option B — Consejo de Gerentes. The socios appoint a Consejo de Gerentes composed of [n] members: [Names / positions], and designate [Name] as [Presidente / Gerente General]. The consejo acts by [majority] and may delegate powers.

Acceptance. The appointee(s) accept the office, declare no legal impediment, and are relieved from posting a bond (garantía) to the extent permitted. [Confirm whether the socios require a guarantee.]

Note: at least one person with authority should hold a Mexican RFC and e.firma to enable SAT and registry steps; consider a resident legal representative for practical purposes. Confirm with counsel.]

6. DRAFT — Powers of Attorney (Poderes) [TEMPLATE]

Mexican powers are typically graded by act-type. Grant only what each attorney-in-fact needs, and record the grant in the deed and (for general powers) in the Registro Público de Comercio.

1. Poder para actos de administración. General power for acts of administration — to manage the business, contract and deal with authorities, employees, suppliers and clients, in the terms of the second paragraph of the applicable civil-code power article. [Scope and any monetary caps to be set.]
2. Poder para pleitos y cobranzas. General power for litigation and collections — to represent the company before judicial, administrative and labour authorities, file and answer claims, collect, and take procedural steps, including (where expressly stated) absolving and articulating positions and desisting from amparo. [Specify any special-clause faculties required.]
3. Poder para actos de dominio. General power for acts of ownership — to acquire, encumber and dispose of the company's assets. Grant narrowly and to trusted persons only; consider limiting by amount, asset class, or requiring joint signatures. [Real-property acquisition is separately screened — see Exhibit A on the restricted zone.]
4. Special / limited powers (as needed): banking and negotiable-instrument powers (títulos de crédito); labour-representation power for IMSS/INFONAVIT and before the labour authorities; tax/e.firma delegations for SAT filings. [Grant discrete special powers rather than broadening the general ones.]

Revocation and substitution: state whether each attorney-in-fact may substitute or delegate the power, and preserve the company's right to revoke at any time. Register general powers so third parties are on notice.]

7. DRAFT — Libro de Registro de Socios (Ownership Ledger) [TEMPLATE]

The S. de R.L. keeps a special register of socios (partes sociales). Entry in this book — not any certificate — governs who is a socio vis-à-vis the company. Keep it current on every capital change or transfer.

Maintain alongside the other corporate books (asambleas / actas). Each change here is also the trigger to check RNIE notice obligations (Section 12) and the controlling-beneficiary records the SAT requires.

Exhibit A — Foreign-Investment Restrictions & RNIE Screening Questionnaire

Intake tool converting the Ley de Inversión Extranjera + RNIE rules into an operational screen. Complete for the Mexican entity and re-run whenever ownership, activities, assets or intercompany dealings change. Answers marked (flag) route to Mexican counsel or the tax adviser before action.

A. Direct investors — identity & nationality

1. List each direct holder of partes sociales: legal name, entity type, country of organisation, tax ID.
2. State the nationality of each direct investor (Marea Digital, Inc. — US/Delaware; Marea Digital, S.L. — Spain).
3. For each investor, provide legalised/apostilled constitutive documents and good-standing evidence.
4. Confirm each foreign investor accepts the Cláusula de Admisión de Extranjeros (Calvo clause) and the related Foreign-Relations formalities. (flag)

B. Ultimate ownership & control

1. Draw the full ownership chain up to the ultimate parent and identify the ultimate controlling person(s).
2. Identify the controlling beneficiary(ies) for the SAT recordkeeping obligation.
3. State the percentage of foreign ownership — direct and indirect (here 100% foreign).
4. Note any shareholders' agreement, option, trust (fideicomiso), or voting arrangement affecting control. (flag if any)

C. Business activities vs LIE reserved/capped activities

1. Describe the actual activities to be carried out (B2B SaaS, data-platform access, intercompany services).
2. Screen against activities reserved to the State under the LIE. Any match? (flag — stop)
3. Screen against activities reserved to Mexicans / to Mexican companies with foreigner-exclusion clauses. Any match? (flag — stop)
4. Screen against activities subject to foreign-ownership caps (specific percentage limits). Any match? (flag)
5. Screen against activities requiring a favourable resolution of the Comisión Nacional de Inversiones Extranjeras above a threshold. Any match? (flag)
6. If all clear, record the conclusion that the activity is unrestricted / 100% foreign investment permitted, with counsel confirmation. (flag to confirm)

D. Acquisition of existing quotas / shares

1. Is the transaction a new formation or the acquisition of existing partes sociales / acciones in a Mexican company?
2. If an acquisition, identify target activity, the percentage acquired, and whether any threshold triggers a CNIE resolution or notice. (flag)
3. Confirm transfer formalities: socio consent, derecho del tanto, and entry in the libro de registro de socios.

E. Branch vs Mexican subsidiary

1. Is the presence a Mexican subsidiary (S. de R.L. / S.A.) or a branch/representative office of a foreign company?
2. If a branch, note the additional authorisation to operate as a foreign entity in Mexico and its own registry/RNIE treatment. (flag) (Here: wholly-owned subsidiary chosen.)

F. Real property & the restricted zone

1. Will the company acquire or lease real property? Where?
2. Is any property in the zona restringida (within 100 km of the border or 50 km of the coastline)? (flag) Foreign acquisition of land in the restricted zone is constrained and, for residential use, typically channelled through a bank fideicomiso; a Mexican company with a foreigner-admission clause may hold non-residential real estate subject to notice requirements — confirm with counsel before any acquisition.
3. Mexico City is outside the restricted zone, but confirm the specific site. (flag)

G. Changes to capital

1. Will there be increases/reductions of capital, admission of new socios, or changes to the foreign-participation percentage?
2. For each, record the RNIE event-notice obligation and update the libro de registro de socios. (flag deadlines)

H. Intercompany transactions

1. List intercompany arrangements: IP licence from the US parent, data-platform / services fees, intercompany financing, and any cost-sharing.
2. Flag each for transfer pricing and for its effect on RNIE reporting magnitudes. (flag — tax adviser)
3. Screen intercompany "services" for the REPSE / outsourcing-reform issue (Section 11.6). (flag — labour/tax adviser)
4. Confirm data flows to the US parent rest on a valid cross-border basis under the LFPDPPP. (flag — privacy)

I. Revenue / asset thresholds & reporting

1. Record current assets, liabilities, capital, income and expenses to test against RNIE annual and quarterly thresholds (Section 13).
2. State which periodic report (annual / quarterly / none this period) is triggered, or mark "[threshold to confirm]" pending counsel.
3. Re-run at each period close and after any material intercompany movement.

J. Key dates triggering possible filings

1. Formation date — starts RNIE inscription and RFC/e.firma clocks.
2. Registry inscription date — powers/gerencia enforceable against third parties.
3. First hire date — IMSS/INFONAVIT/payroll-tax obligations begin; payroll CFDI required.
4. US check-the-box election date — set with US tax counsel relative to formation. (flag)
5. Fiscal year-end — annual financial statements, reserva legal, RNIE annual cycle.
6. Each quarter close — quarterly RNIE test.
7. Any capital / ownership / purpose / domicile change — RNIE event-notice deadline. (flag)

This questionnaire is a screen, not an opinion. Any "(flag)" answer, and every numeric threshold marked "[confirm]", must be reviewed by Mexican counsel (and, where indicated, US or local tax counsel) before the company acts or files.